The Ngquza Hill Massacre occurred on the 6th of June 1960, on the Ngquza Hill near Flagstaff and Lusikisiki in the then Eastern Pondoland (today part of Eastern Cape Province). A group of amaMpondo men and women gathered at Ngquza Hill to attend a meeting by iKongo (congress), a movement formed to fight for the rights of amaMpondo in Eastern Pondoland.

The peaceful gathering was met with a violent response from the state. amaMpondo opposed the implementation of the land reclamation programme or Betterment Scheme, which was introduced to Pondoland by magistrates in 1947. This scheme was about resettlements, stock control, rotational grazing, fencing of grazing land and promotion of government-sponsored cattle sales.

Eastern Cape Premier, Lubabalo Oscar Mabuyane, made it clear in his main address that the Ngquza Hill Massacre is not an event, but an opportunity for Provincial Government to honour the legacy of the fallen heroes of this massacre by developments, empowerment of amaMpondo through land restoration and economic transformation that favours the people in that area.